6 Axolotl Predators: Dangers in Both Nature and Captivity

Wading birds like herons and storks often prey on axolotls. These large birds spot axolotls among aquatic vegetation and strike quickly. Because axolotls lack moveable eyelids and depend on camouflage, they’re easy targets in shallow waters.

In their natural habitat, axolotls inhabit still water lakes like Lake Xochimilco, where introduced fish such as tilapia and carp now pose a major threat. These large fish eat axolotl eggs, larvae, and even juveniles.

Though small, insect larvae like dragonfly nymphs are deadly to hatchlings. They pierce soft bodies before axolotl eggs hatch into more mobile juveniles, making early life stages extremely vulnerable.

Beyond introduced fish, other invasive species also threaten axolotl populations by degrading suitable habitat. These include non-native plants and predators not naturally found in freshwater lakes around Mexico City.

Humans represent an indirect but powerful threat. Pollution, overfishing, and demand for axolotls in the pet trade have contributed to their critically endangered status. Even conservation efforts can disturb their environments.

Axolotls are part of the mole salamander family and closely related to the tiger salamander. However, in the wild, there is little evidence of overlapping ranges with other salamanders preying on axolotls; competition occurs primarily in captive or altered environments.

While not a predator in the traditional sense, habitat degradation from pollution, urbanization, and water diversion significantly increases axolotls’ exposure to predators. Fewer reedy plants and more open water make them easier to spot.

Axolotls retain external gills and juvenile characteristics as they grow. While this helps them breathe underwater, it also makes them vulnerable. Their body fin, soft skin, and shades lighter coloration offer little protection.

We created this article in conjunction with AI technology, then made sure it was fact-checked and edited by a HowStuffWorks editor.