Coyote vs. Dog: More Than Just Wild vs. Domesticated

At first glance, it might be hard to tell the difference in a coyote vs. dog comparison. But these two canines — while closely related — lead very different lives. From behavior to body shape, learning how to distinguish them helps pet owners and nature watchers alike.

Both coyotes and domestic dogs belong to the Canidae family (which includes wolves and foxes) but domestication and evolution have created some key splits.

Knowing these physical differences, habits and behaviors can help determine what’s roaming near your yard or leaving tracks on a walk.

Physical Differences

Small dog — This small dog is unlikely to be a threat to other dogs. Tina Terras & Michael Walter / Getty Images

Coyotes (Canis latrans) have sharp teeth, slender builds and upright ears. They usually weigh less than large dog breeds like German Shepherds or pitbulls.
Dogs vary widely by breed but many have floppy ears, thicker necks and stockier builds.
A large coyote may look like a lean small dog, but their tails hang low when they run (unlike dogs, who often hold theirs high).

Tracks and Trails

Adult coyote tracks tend to point straight ahead with a direct stride, a sign of their hunting efficiency.
Dog tracks are more erratic, often showing playfulness or distraction.
In soft ground, coyote prints often show claws and are more oval-shaped than dog tracks.

Behavior and Habits

Coyotes are wild animals with keen territorial instincts. They often roam alone or in pairs, though pack behavior can emerge.
Dogs rely on humans, crave attention and are typically present with families.
While many dogs are naturally social, coyotes avoid contact with people unless food is involved.

Risk to Pets

A coyote attack may occur if small animals like cats or a small dog are left unsupervised. This risk increases in suburban areas with ample food sources.
Pet owners should avoid leaving food outdoors and supervise pets on a leash.
In some areas, animal control may respond to aggressive coyotes, especially after stories of encounters.

Pack Mentality and Diet

Both animals descend from pack-oriented mammals, but coyotes hunt for survival, targeting prey like rabbits, rodents and birds.
Dogs are domesticated and depend on humans for their diet and care. Feeding pet food to domestic dogs means they do not need to hunt for survival, thereby reducing (but not eliminating) their natural predatory instincts

Understanding several factors like fur, body language and behavior can help spot the difference between a coyote and a dog. If you're unsure what you saw, consult a vet, wildlife officer or local expert.

We created this article in conjunction with AI technology, then made sure it was fact-checked and edited by a HowStuffWorks editor.