Bison Bounced Back From Near Extinction

North America is home to two bison subspecies: the plains bison and the wood bison.

The plains bison is more widespread, known for its slightly smaller size and broader range, while the wood bison tends to be larger and is typically found in more forested, northern habitats.

Perhaps the most famous wild bison population resides in Yellowstone National Park, where the Yellowstone bison are protected by the National Park Service.

These animals are part of the greater Yellowstone ecosystem, roaming freely across park boundaries and contributing to the region's rich biodiversity. Their presence affects everything from plant growth to predator behavior, with interactions involving grizzly bears and wolves.

Driven to near extinction in the 19th century by hunting and competition with livestock, bison populations fell to fewer than a thousand.

Today, thanks to conservation herds on public lands and private land, they are rebounding.

Organizations and agencies maintain existing herds for genetic diversity and ecosystem stability. Captive bison are often bred for beef, but many ranchers now participate in efforts to preserve the species as wildlife, not just livestock.

Bison calves are born in spring and quickly join the herds, learning to graze on grasses and woody plants. Cows and bulls have different roles, with mature bulls often staying separate except during the breeding season, also known as the mating season.

During this time, bull bison engage in dramatic displays of dominance, including charging, bellowing and the classic bison roll in dust.

Despite their rebound, bison remain threatened by habitat fragmentation, disease and genetic dilution through interbreeding with cattle. Efforts continue to establish new wild plains bison populations, especially in areas within their historical range.

Maintaining bison habitat is essential not just for the animals, but also for other wildlife and critical plant systems.

If you want to experience bison in their element, Yellowstone is a top destination. Other places include Montana and various reserves across the U.S. and Canada.

Whether on public lands or tribal lands, witnessing these powerful ungulates in action is a breathtaking reminder of nature's resilience.

We created this article in conjunction with AI technology, then made sure it was fact-checked and edited by a HowStuffWorks editor.