The Tiger Snake Has a Vicious Bite to Subdue Prey

Tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus) are large, heavy-bodied venomous snakes that typically range in length from 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 meters), though some individuals can grow as long as 6 feet (1.8 meters).

They are named for the distinctive bands that run across their bodies, resembling tiger stripes, although their coloration varies significantly. Mainland tiger snakes typically have olive to dark grey bands, while island populations, such as the Chappell Island tiger snake, often have darker coloration and may lack banding entirely.

When threatened, a tiger snake flattens its body and raises its head off the ground in an intimidating display, serving as a warning to potential predators. This defensive posture is meant to deter threats and signal the snake's readiness to defend itself.

There are several distinct populations and subspecies of tiger snakes across Australia, each adapted to their specific regions. The Chappell Island tiger snake is found on Chappell Island in the Bass Strait and is known for its large size and dark coloration.

The western tiger snake (Notechis scutatus occidentalis) is native to southwestern Australia, including areas like Perth and the surrounding wetlands.

The Tasmanian tiger snake is another subspecies, inhabiting the island of Tasmania and some of the surrounding Bass Strait islands. Each subspecies has evolved to fit its environment, with variations in size, color and behavior.

Tiger snakes are generally solitary creatures, coming together only during the breeding season. While primarily crepuscular — meaning they are most active in the early morning and late afternoon — they can also display largely diurnal behavior, particularly in cooler conditions, when they may be seen basking in the sun or hunting during the day.

Though not highly territorial, tiger snakes will defend themselves aggressively if threatened. Known for their defensive displays, tiger snakes flatten their bodies, raise their heads and hiss loudly to deter predators.

Despite this intimidating behavior, they prefer to flee if given the chance, using their speed and agility to escape danger.

Tiger snakes are carnivorous and have a varied diet that includes small mammals, birds, frogs and fish. Their diet can vary depending on their habitat, with mainland tiger snakes often preying on rodents and birds. Island populations, like the Chappell Island tiger snake, may rely more heavily on seabird chicks.

Tiger snakes are ambush predators, lying in wait for their prey before striking with lightning speed. Their venom is highly potent and can be potentially fatal, allowing them to quickly subdue even large prey items. This efficient hunting strategy makes them one of the top predators in their environment.

Tiger snakes are highly adaptable and can be found in a wide range of environments across southern Australia and its offshore islands. They are commonly found in wetlands, forests, grasslands and coastal areas, where they have access to abundant prey and suitable shelter. In southwestern Australia, western tiger snakes are often found near water sources, such as rivers, lakes and swamps.

Island populations, like those on Kangaroo Island and in the Bass Strait, have adapted to more isolated environments, often with limited resources. The availability of water and prey is crucial for their survival, and these snakes are often seen near wetlands or other moist environments.

The life cycle of tiger snakes begins with the breeding season, which typically occurs throughout the summer. After mating, female tiger snakes give birth to live young, rather than laying eggs, with litters ranging from 20 to 30 snakes, though larger litters are possible.

The young are born fully independent and must fend for themselves from birth. They grow rapidly, feeding on small frogs, lizards and insects, and typically reach sexual maturity at around four to six years of age.

Juvenile snakes often resemble their adult counterparts in coloration but are more vulnerable to predators due to their smaller size. As they mature, their banding and coloration may change, depending on their environment and subspecies.

Tiger snakes typically live for about 10 to 15 years in the wild, depending on factors such as predation, habitat conditions and availability of prey. In captivity, where they are protected from predators and have consistent access to food and medical care, they can live longer, sometimes up to 20 years.

Tiger snakes are not currently listed as endangered, but some populations are under threat due to habitat loss, human persecution and climate change. The Australian Museum and other conservation organizations are actively working to protect these snakes and their habitats, particularly in areas where urbanization and agriculture have encroached on their natural environments.

Island populations, such as those in the Bass Strait and on Kangaroo Island, are particularly vulnerable due to their isolation and limited range. Conservation efforts focus on preserving these distinct populations and ensuring that tiger snakes continue to play their vital role in Australia’s ecosystems.

We created this article in conjunction with AI technology, then made sure it was edited and fact-checked by a HowStuffWorks editor.